"I've said this over and over, but I'll say it a million mores times - I'm concerned more about the death of a bee than I am about terrorism...because we're losing hives and bees by the millions because of such strong pesticides. We can live with terrorism. We can't live without the bee.”
An estimated one-third of the human food supply depends on insect pollination, mostly wild and domestic bees, especially European honeybees. Last year over 40% of the commercial bees in the US died and beekeepers in Wisconsin and seven other states lost 60% of their colonies to a phenomenon now called “colony collapse disorder.” In Europe 10% of the wild bees are threatened with extinction, and the number of wild bees in the United States, specifically feral honeybees, have dramatically declined from 1972 to 2006.
Scientists are looking at the impact of climate change on pollinators. An international intergovernmental panel on climate change warned in 2014 that pollinators faced increased risk of extinction because of global warming.
OTHER IMPACTS BEING RESEARCHED:
The proliferation of mono-cultures, and single-crop farms exclusively planting things like corn, that reduce the amount of grasslands and prairie habitats that can provide nectar for bees. and properly feed other pollinators.
Application of fungicides, which are used on field corn and soybeans and, in Wisconsin, on some cranberry bogs and many potato fields.
Systemic pesticide application, specifically neonicotinoids, used on nearly all field corn seed and most soybeans in the Midwest. Honeybees collect and carry nectar and pollen to their hives to provide food throughout the winter. Pesticides, whether applied to seeds or plants, get carried back and contaminate the hive. The bees consume the chemicals as they feed on nectar and pollen.
The destruction of habitat. through urbanization with sprawling green lawns and no flowering plants leave bees without necessary nutrition.
BEE THE CHANGE: Join the global effort underway to protect endangered bees, butterflies, and other pollinators from threats to their survival, The network of pollinator protectors is large and far-reaching, from the United Nations to the backyards of Madison, and the rooftops apartment buildings in our cities. It will take policymakers, scientists and researchers, farmers, corporations, commercial growers, and engaged citizens doing their part by keeping bees and saving or creating habitat.
In April 2015 the EPA enacted a moratorium on new or expanded uses of neonicotinoids. It established guidelines for national parks, interstate corridors, and public housing complexes to acquire seeds and plants from nurseries that do not use systemic insecticides.. (Two years ago, the European Union banned the three most widely used neonicotinoids based on scientific research showing the chemicals can kill bees outright and make them more vulnerable to pests, pathogens and other stressors.)
In June 2015, the Obama administration issued its pollinator rescue plan and identified three goals:
Reduce honeybee colony losses to economically sustainable levels. The administration proposes spending $82.5 million in the next budget year on research to accomplish the goal. Current spending is about $34 million.
Increase the number of monarch butterflies to protect the annual migration.
Restore or enhance 7 million acres of land for pollinators in the next five years.
WAYS TO HELP POLLINATORS:
Become a part of the Home Grown National Park Movement, planting native plants on what ever land you have access to:
Join the global network of pollinator protectors to safeguard endangered bees, butterflies, and other pollinators from threats to their survival
Become a Citizen Scientist and help ecologists and researchers collect vital information in projects that make a big impact on saving our pollinators
Donate money to the cause or get involved in pollinator politics (dealing with habitat, pesticide use, research funding)
The Great Sunflower Project! Plant Lemon Queen Sunflowers and become a Citizen Scientist to help restore bee populations
NATIONAL BACKYARD NATIVE GARDEN MOVEMENT: The native plant initiative is a far-reaching global effort consisting of a number of organizations and millions of people working in separate circles towards the same goal - slowing ecological destruction by fostering diversity in their gardens. By planting native plants, gardeners support ecosystems from the ground up - feeding the food chain from the very bottom and creating a lasting positive impact throughout their environments.
Our disruption of the natural environment has had devastating effects on carefully balanced ecosystems. Other than the previously mentioned environmental devastators - pollution, pesticides, global warming, etc - humans disrupt ecosystems by replacing native plants with more “aesthetically pleasing” ones. By pursuing aesthetics over the natural world, we disrupt a perfectly oiled ecosystem. The National Park Service explains it best: “Much of the exotic greenery we see in our residential areas provides as much nutrition as concrete or asphalt”.
The native garden movement aims to support environments in urban areas by reintroducing more native plants to backyard gardens. This type of gardening supports biodiversity and wildlife, as native plants are the best foundation for a healthy habitat that can attract hundreds of species. It also counters urbanization - a process that has rapidly accelerated climate change - and supports disappearing pollinators and wildlife.
Some of the organizations involved:
The National Wildlife Federation’s Garden for Wildlife Initiative - America’s “largest and longest-running native plant habitat effort dedicated to helping local wildlife and people by restoring natural habitat”. This initiative was started in 1973, and about 7 million people have participated in the initiative thus far.
The Million Pollinator Garden Project seeks to plant gardens and landscapes that increase nectar and pollen sources, thus reviving the health of pollinators across the country. This project has surpassed its goal, and has planted around 1,040,000 gardens so far. The Million Pollinator Garden Project was launched by the National Pollinator Garden Network in partnership. Among many other organizations, the NPGN partners with the National Wildlife Foundation - the aforementioned group that founded the Garden for Wildlife Initiative.
How you can help by planting a pollinator garden (a how-to):
Planting in a sunny area with wind breaks
Wind breaks are things that provides protection from the wind
Using plants that have a pollen/nectar source
Providing a water source
Planting native or non-invasive plants
Establishing a continuous bloom throughout the growing season
Make sure there’s always something growing, from early spring to late fall
Eliminate or minimize pesticide use
More resources for creating pollinator supporting gardens:
There are 20,000 known species of bees and 4,000 known species in North America. The best-known species is the European honeybee, and there are 29 subspecies of the honeybee
The honeybee was named Wisconsin’s state insect in 1977
Bumblebee species are eight times more efficient than honeybees at pollinating some crops, like blueberries.
Bees are found on every continent except Antarctica.
Bees feed on nectar, their energy source, and pollen, their protein source.
Some bees are solitary, others live in communities or colonies., like honeybees
Africanized bees in the Western Hemisphere are descended from queen bees accidentally released in 1957 in Brazil from hives operated by a scientist who interbred European and south African honeybees.
FURTHER READING: The Rooftop Beekeeper: A Scrappy Guide to Keeping Urban Honeybees, by Megan Paska. The author from Brooklyn, New York walks readers through the details of getting to know how to be an urban bee keeper, get honeybees, starting a hive, harvesting honey and finding a colony of beekeeping friends.